ABSTRACT
This paper presents a numerical approach to analyze the influence of SARS-CoV-2 deposition on human lung dynamics under real conditions. A comparison is made between a healthy and a diseased lung. A multiphase three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study is performed for the dispersion of covid-19 virus particles throughout the alveolar tree. Then, fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is used to evaluate the expansion properties of the alveolar wall. The mesh morphing technique with solid displacement characteristics is used to obtain a realistic wall displacement during the inspiratory and expiratory phases corresponding to the expansion and retraction of the alveolar sac, respectively. These phases are studied under steady-state conditions. The main objective of this study is to evaluate how particle deposition alters the displacement of alveoli exposed to a Sars-Cov-2 and to compare the obtained simulation results with the healthy case. The novelty of this analysis is that it examines where the virus is most deposited and how the presence of Sars-Cov-2 can affect the mechanical properties of the alveolar sac and worsen the respiratory capacity of a sick person at an advanced stage of infection. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.
ABSTRACT
A fundamentally new multiphase compartmental mathematical model for predicting the spread of several waves of coronavirus infection has been developed. Quality indicators in comparison with existing single-phase models are analyzed. The developed model will allow to model several waves of the process of spreading new coronavirus infections, to predict the process of loading the medical system, as well as the needs for staff, equipment and hospital beds during pandemics. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented condition to the global economy including the oil & gas industry. The ability to adapt to the imposed changes, requires creativity, innovation, digitalization of processes, and resilience. This work will show a novel integrated approach around four pillars which had improved operation efficiency and brought monetary value during a challenging 2020 in Shushufindi field, Ecuador. The first pillar is new technology adoption. This aims to extend run life of critical equipment resulting in a higher well productive time. Examples of adopted technology: Chrome-enrich tubulars, downhole microcaps chemical deployment, de-sander and multiphase/extended gas handler. The second pillar is the P3 process (Pre-Pulling-Post) to quickly and effectively find the root cause of well failure that leads to definite remedial action. Digital enabler is the third pillar, its value come from reducing operational downtime and risk by using real-time surveillance capability, remote control, and data intelligence. The final pillar is to re-establish an effective communication with all stakeholders. Various dashboards have been developed in order to provide the big picture of actual field condition in quickly manner as well as implementation of ESP real time surveillance & diagnostics, real time multiphase production test, and chemical treatment automation. Workshops, online technical, and service quality meetings are regularly conducted to ensure that recommendations and opportunities can be executed properly including contractual negotiations to enable new technology implementation. Despite all the restrictions during covid-19 pandemic and some force majeures in 2020, this integrated and digitalized approach has resulted an outstanding outcome: Well failure index reduced from 0.62 in 2019 to 0.41 in 2020;Production deferment related to well failure declined significantly from 2,420 bopd in 2019 to 1,259 bopd in 2020, which translate in savings of $16.8 million dollars. In addition to that, there was a reduction on operational cost from $26.3 million dollars in 2019 to $15.2 million dollars in 2020. This proven initiative has been supported and recognized by all stakeholders. Some new technologies and digitalization projects are in the process to be implemented in Shushufindi field as part of Ecuador digital strategy 2022. This successful integrated and digitalized approach can be adopted in other fields and will generate a huge business impact. © Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers